This is by no means a complete list, and there will be different requirements for the different environments you are operating in, however, this should be a sufficient starting point for most people to begin creating their own survival kit. Many of these items come preassembled in Quake Kits completely prepares survival kit.
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First Aid Kit
Water bottles or hydration system
Water purification tablets or personal water filter
Fire starter (matches, lighter, firesteel, etc.)
Emergency blanket
Portable stove or camping cookware
Multi-tool or knife
Compass and map of the area
Flashlight or headlamp with extra batteries
Personal hygiene items (toothbrush, toothpaste, wet wipes, etc.)
Insect repellent
Sunscreen
Emergency whistle
Emergency radio
Cash or small amount of emergency money
Waterproof and durable backpack to carry items
Emergency shelter (tent, tarp, etc.)
Paracord or rope
Food rations or non-perishable food items
Fish hooks and line
Emergency signal mirror
Personal identification and important documents
Hand warmers
Sturdy and comfortable hiking boots or shoes
Warm clothing, including extra socks and gloves
Rain poncho or other waterproof clothing
Extra batteries for electronic devices
Solar or hand-crank powered phone charger
Battery-powered or hand-crank powered flashlight
Emergency phone numbers
Personal medications and copies of prescriptions
Small folding shovel or entrenching tool
Small hatchet or folding saw
Portable water filter or water purification system
Emergency flares or smoke signals
Small first aid manual or guide
Emergency contact information for family and friends
Duct tape
Personal hygiene items (toothbrush, toothpaste, wet wipes, etc.)
Trash bags or plastic bags
Waterproof matches or fire starter
Extra car key or house key
Extra set of car registration and insurance documents
Battery-powered or hand-crank powered radio
Personal locator beacon
Emergency Mylar blanket
Survival knife
Hand sanitizer
Waterproof and durable carrying case for electronic devices
Small folding camping stove
Small word about some items on this list. Ideally you should have two different forms of firestarters. Matches and a lighter work great until its pouring rain or your pack ends up getting soaked. Items like food and water filtration, as well as flashlights, tools, knives, and medications should be packed for each person you are preparing for.
All in all, this list would be sufficient for a person to begin building their own kit. For an accelerated start, check out Quake Kits line of prebuilt survival kits.